高考英语语法精讲第11讲名词性从句考点精讲和提升.doc

名词性从句的几个难点 that通常不可省略的三种情况 (1)引导主语从句，that置于句首时。 That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointe d. 他考试不及格让父母很失望。 (2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略。 I wished (that) we could go sighting in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai. 我希望今年夏天我们能去杭州旅游，并在返程时在上海买些书回来。 (3)由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。 He has made it clear that he wouldn’t agree to the plan. 他已清楚表明不同意这项计划。 what和that在名词性从句中的区别 (1)what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语和表语，意义上相当于the thing(s) that，引导主语从句时，其谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数而定；what引导的从句可作介词的宾语从句。 What he wants are those books.他需要的是那些书。 What he wants is some water.他需要的是一些水。 A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.一个现代化的城市已经在10年前还是一块废地的地方建造起来了。 (2)that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义；引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，谓语动词用单数；引导宾语从句时，常被省略；that从句一般不充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except，in的宾语。 That she will refuse the offer seems unlikely. (＝It seems unlikely that she will refuse the offer.) 她不可能拒绝那个建议。 I have found (that) all the tickets have been sold out. 我发现所有的票已售完。 He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless. 除了有点粗心之外，他是一个好学生。 whether与if的用法比较 (1)二者均可作“是否”讲，都可以引导名词性从句，引导宾语从句可以互换。 I don’t know whether/if he’ll attend the meeting. 我不知道他是否会出席会议。 (2)在下列情况下，常用whether，不用if。 ①whether引导从句可以放于句首。 Whether he comes or not makes no difference. 他来不 来都一样。 ②whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可。 The question whether he should join the team has not been decided upon.他是否入队的问题还没决定。 The question is whether it is worth trying. 问题是这是否值得一试。 ③whether可以作介词宾语，if则不可。 I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll lend him the money.关于是否借给他钱的问题，我还没最后决定。 ④whether后可以加不定式，if不可。 He didn’t know whether to get married or to wait. 他不知道是该结婚还是该等待。 ⑤可以说whether...or引导让步状语从句，“无论，不论”，if则不可。 Whether it rains or snows，I don’t care. 无论下雨还是下雪，我都不在乎。 that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别 (1)that 作为关系代词引导定语从句，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语时常可省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词作用，无实 义，也不作句子的任何成分，一般不能省略。 The news (that) he told me surprised me.(定语从句) 他告诉我的消息让我很吃惊。 The news that he gave in surprised me.(同位语从句) 他投降的消息让我很吃惊。 (2)