第一章 计算机的基础知识（Chapter 1 basic knowledge of computers）.doc

第一章 计算机的基础知识（Chapter 1 basic knowledge of computers） The first chapter of the basic knowledge of computer The first section outlines (a) learning requirements 1, understand the history, characteristics, and application of single chip microcomputer. 2, master the composition and structure of micro computer. (two) Abstract 1, the history of computers The computer produced in 1946, after the four generation of electronic tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, large scale integrated circuit. At present, a large scale toward the direction of photonic circuit and computer. 2, computer High speed, high degree of automation, with memory ability, logical judgment ability, high precision and high reliability. 3, application Scientific computing, data and information processing, real-time control, computer aided design, artificial intelligence. 4, information representation All kinds of information processing computer is expressed in binary code. Using a computer code called the binary digits of the word in the computer. Word length is longer, can represent the numerical representation of the larger numerical calculation accuracy is more effective, more high. But more bits, said logic circuit of binary code is more also, computers will become large and complex. The price is expensive. Computer word length: 1, general 4, 8, 16, 32 etc.. The most used is 8, 16, 32. 5, composition A computer consists of five parts: operation device, controller, memory, input devices and output devices. Operator: processing information calculation. Controller: generate control commands, the various components of the computer automatic control and coordinated work. Storage: stored data and program. Input devices: input data and procedures. The data here is a broad definition, in fact it is not only our input on the keyboard and digital text, it also includes other kinds of information, such as image information, audio information. But these signal information should be converted into computer to