医学生交往焦虑与自尊、人格特征关系的研究.doc

医学生社交焦虑与自尊、人格特征的关系 汪涛，谭静2，李敏1，张夔1，冯正直1（1第三军医大学护理系心理学教研室，重庆 400038；2第三军医大学护理系，重庆 400038） 摘 要:目的 了解医学生社交焦虑情况与影响因素，为针对性培养医学生良好沟通技能提供科学依据。方法 采用交往焦虑量表、社交回避及苦恼量表、艾森克人格问卷和自尊量表，对309名医学生进行统一测试。结果 医学生总体人际交往较好，15.21%医学生表现出中等程度的社交焦虑；女生在社交焦虑和社交回避因子上明显高于男生（P＜0.05），20-25岁年龄段医学生社交焦虑高于≤20岁医学生（P＜0.01～0.05）。不同专业医学生在社交焦虑和社交苦恼上有明显差异（P＜0.05），不同程度社交焦虑的医学生在自尊、EPQ-E维度和EPQ-N维度、社交回避和社交苦恼上有显著差异（P＜0.01）；医学生社交焦虑与自尊和EPQ-N维度有显著的正相关（r=0.308，0.404，P＜0.01），与EPQ-E维度有显著的负相关（r=-0.515，P＜0.01）；回归方程显示，社交苦恼、E维度、N维度及自尊是社交焦虑重要的预测因素，可以联合解释45.3%的变异性。结论 培养医学生良好的人际能力，要从认知水平上着力提高学生的自信心和自尊水平，在日常生活中塑造良好的人格特征，在行为方面要加强人际沟通技能的训练和实践。 关键词:社交焦虑；自尊；人格特征；医学生 The Relations among social anxiety, self-esteem and personality of medical university students WANG Tao 1, TAN Jing2, LI Min1, ZHANG Kui,FENG Zheng-zhi (1Department of Psychology, College of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038;2 College of Nursing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038) Abstract: Objective To explore the social anxiety of medical university students and related factors . Method 309 medical students were tested by Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS)，Social Avoidance and Distress Scale（SADS），Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ)，self-esteem scale (SES) . Result 15.21% medical students had medium social anxiety.The scores of IAS and SADS in Female were higher than male（P＜0.05）.Major and age also had influenced them（P＜0.05）. Different levels of social anxiety had significantly associated with self-esteem, EPQ-E and EPQ-N ( P＜0.01) .And had positive correlations with self-esteem, EPQ-E , negative correlations with EPQ-N( P＜0.01). In a hierarchical regression, the factors (SADS ,EPQ-E,EPQ-N and self-esteem)significantly predicted variance in a measure of social anxiety. Conclusion The trainings about Interpersonal Communication for medical students should be developed effectively, especially focus on promote self-evaluation, cognitive transformation and behavioral training. Key words: social anxiety ; self-esteem