压力不协调及自杀-从155个案例看扭力体验.docVIP

压力不协调及自杀:从155个案例看扭力体验【摘 要】 目的:探索自杀死亡者生前扭力(不协调压力)体验,验证自杀的“压力不协调理论”。方法:对155个(91个男性,64个女性)年龄15~34岁之间的自杀案例进行深入调查,访谈对象为自杀者的亲人和朋友,将收集的背景材料及自杀事件写成故事,并由独立审阅人依据4种扭力类型对每一故事进行分析(各项目赋值:0= 无, 1= 微弱, 2= 较强, 3= 强烈)。结果:全部的自杀死亡者在实施自杀前均体验过至少一种扭力。4种扭力体验由强到弱依次为应对扭力(100%)、愿望扭力(81%)、相对剥夺扭力(72%)和价值观扭力(45%)。男性的应对扭力得分及失去金钱或投资失败因素得分高于女性[(8.85±3.64 )vs.(7.72±3.77),(0.35±0.92)vs.(0.09±0.52);均P0.05],而传统与现代妇女地位、宗教信仰与无神论因素得分低于女性[(0.08±0.37)vs.(0.53±0.97),(0.00±0.00)vs.(0.06±0.30);P0.001或0.05]。价值观扭力与年龄呈正相关(r= 0.16, P=0.048),而愿望扭力与年龄呈负相关(r= -0.30,P0.001)。结论:不协调压力普遍存在于自杀者中,危机干预和自杀预防工作应从降低扭力的心理咨询、辅导和治疗开始。 【关键词】 自杀;扭力;不协调压力;危机应对;冲突 中图分类号:C913.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-6729(2009)011-0784-06 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2009.11.007 Strain and Suicide:an Analysis of 155 Suicide Cases ZHANG Jie1,2@,TANG Yong3,4 ?1School of Social Development,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081,China ?2Department of Sociology,State University of New York College at Buffalo,1300 Elmwood Avenue,Buffalo, NY 14222-1095,USA ?3School of Public Health,Central South University,Changsha 410078,China ?4Department of Psychiatry,Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,China @ Corresponding author,Email:zhangj@buffalostate.edu 【Abstract】 Objective:To explore the strain experiences by suicides and to test the strain theory of suicide.Methods:A consecutive sample of 155 suicides(91 males and 64 females)aged from 15 to 34 years was studied with the psychological autopsy method.Informants consisted of family members and close friends of the suicides.Suicide stories were composed based on the background information of the suicides and what happened at the suicide site and then content-analyzed and rated by independent judges.Results:All of the victims had experienced at least one type of strain before suicide took place.The sequence of the 4 types of strains beginning with the most frequent one was coping strain,100%;aspiration strain,81%,deprivation strain,