AREA OF A SURFACE OF REVOLUTION Stewart （Stewart旋转曲面的面积）.pdf

AREA OF A SURFACE OF REVOLUTION A surface of revolution is formed when a curve is rotated about a line. Such a surface is the lateral boundary of a solid of revolution of the type discussed in Sections 7.2 and 7.3. We want to define the area of a surface of revolution in such a way that it corresponds to our intuition. If the surface area is A , we can imagine that painting the surface would require the same amount of paint as does a flat region with area A . Let’s start with some simple surfaces. The lateral surface area of a circular cylinder with radius r and height h is taken to be A 2rh because we can imagine cutting the cylin- cut h der and unrolling it (as in Figure 1) to obtain a rectangle with dimensions 2r and h . r Likewise, we can take a circular cone with base radius r and slant height l , cut it along the dashed line in Figure 2, and flatten it to form a sector of a circle with radius l and cen- tral angle 2rl . We know that, in general, the area of a sector of a circle with radius 1 2 l and angle is 2 l (see Exercise 67 in Section 6.2) and so in this case it is h