Chapter 14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and （第14章羧酸、酯类、胺和）.pdf

Chapter 14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides 1 Carboxylic Acids A carboxylic acid contains a carboxyl group, which consists of a hydroxyl group OH attached to the carbon in a carbonyl group. 2 IUPAC Names for Carboxylic Acids In the IUPAC names of carboxylic acids, • the -e in the alkane name is replaced with -oic acid CH Methane HCOOH Methanoic acid 4 CH —CH Ethane CH —COOH Ethanoic acid 3 3 3 • substituents are numbered from the carboxyl carbon 1 CH O 3 CH —CH—CH —C—OH 3 2 4 3 2 1 3-methylbutanoic acid Common and IUPAC Names of Some Carboxylic Acids 4 Naming Carboxylic Acids 5 Naming Carboxylic Acids Give the IUPAC name for the O following carboxylic acid. OH Step 1 Identify the carbon chain containing the carboxyl group and replace the -e in the alkane name with -oic acid. Pentanoic acid 6 Naming Carboxylic Acids Give the IUPAC name for the O following carboxylic acid. OH Step 2 Give the location and name of each substituent on the main chain by counting the carboxyl carbon as 1. 2-methylpentanoic acid 7