基于FPGA的颜色识别系统.docVIP

基于FPGA的颜色识别系统 孙涛1，耿立华2，李子扬3，李哲英4 摘　　要：本颜色识别系统主要实现对几种典型颜色的自动识别，该系统可应用于印染、油漆、汽车等行业，也可以把颜色识别系统装在自动生产线上，对产品的颜色进行监测[1]。本设计基于SOPC技术，使用NiosII软核处理器实现，包括模拟和数字两个主要部分。模拟部分主要负责颜色信号的采集、放大，采集信号使用了CLS9032单晶硅双结型颜色敏感器件。数字部分主要负责完成颜色信号的处理和识别，这里硬件使用Altera公司的NIOSII处理器系统组建，软件使用C语言编程，实现了性能和成本的最大平衡。 关键词：颜色识别 色敏器件 NIOSII FPGA 中图分类号：TN710 Color distinguish system based on FPGA Abstract: In modern society， color distinguish is getting more and more abroad applications. For example， image processing， product check， remote sensing technique， etc. The system discussed in this paper can be used in dyeing， painting and automobile industry， it can also be used in automatic product line to detect the color of the product， implement quality control， and provide color sensing signal to the central control system of the product line. The design is based on SOPC technique and is consisted of the analog and the digital part. The color signal of the object is collected in the analog part by a single crystal silicon two junction color sensor CLS9032 as the color collector device. This device output a current corresponding to the logarithmic current ratio of the deep junction and the shallow junction which is in direct ratio to the wavelength of the signal of the light. The processing and distinguishing of the color signal is complete in the digital part of the system. This part is built based on the Altera NIOSII processor system， and the software program is based on C language. To obtain a balance between the performance and the cost is our pursuit. Key Words: Color distinguishes; Color sensor device; NIOS II; FPGA 引言 在当今的社会生活中，颜色识别得到越来越广泛的应用。各个领域的广泛应用需求，使颜色识别技术有了长足的发展，并且结合其它技术，为工业控制，产品制造等多个行业更好的服务。 目前，颜色识别技术主要是通过结构简单，使用方便的单片机来实现[1]，而本设计选择了用FPGA来实现，这样选择的好处有以下几点： 第一，FPGA芯片是并行运算的，每个振荡周期都可以执行任务，而单片机如8051系列是每条指令需要12个振荡周期，例如IO端口的最快变化也需要24个振荡周期，但FPGA却只需要2个周期，所以速度快。， FPGA丰富的IO资源，数百I/O口，容易实现大规模系统可以方便连接外设比如一个系统有多路AD，DA单片机IO口有限，要进行仔细的资源分配，总线隔离，FPGA可以进行硬件重构，功能扩展或性能改善非常容易本系统设计，成功的实现了颜色识别。如图1所示，颜色识别系统主要由模拟和数字两大主要