chp08 Analysis of alkaloids课件.pptVIP

CHAPRER 8 Analysis of Alkaloids;SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION;2. Alkalinity 1) quaternary amines (ionization) tertiary secondary primary amine aromatic amines lactam (内酰胺) 2) aliphatic amines (脂肪胺), alicyclic amines (脂环胺) aromatic amines 3) carboxyl, phenolic group —— acidic and alkaline 4) active hydrogen —— acidic property;3. Solubility 1) Free alkaloides are insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents; but in dilute acid solution to form salt, 2) the salts of alkaloid are soluble in water, not in organic —— extraction, isolation, fine purification, analysis ;* some free forms may dissolve in water， such as: ephedrine, nicotine (烟碱), caffeine *? some free forms soluble in alkali solution, such as: morphine, theophylline (茶碱) —— amphiprotic (or amphoteric) or acidic alkaloids * some free not to form salt with acid, such as: caffeine, reserpine —— very weak alkaline alkaloids;4. Structure 1)?aromatic alkylamines 苯烃胺类：;2) tropanes 托烷类(莨宕烷类)： 3) quinolines 喹啉类 ： ;4) isoquinolines 异喹啉类： ; 5) indoles 吲哚类：; 6) purines 嘌呤类：;SECTION 2 IDENTIFICATION;Section 3 ASSAY ;2) Principle 3) Ka ： HClO4＞HBr＞HCl＞H2SO4＞＞HNO3＞other weak acids 4) HgAC2 Vc BaAC2 /Ba(ClO4)2 ;Example: + 3HClO4 +;5) 6. VS Stability: 7. Phar.Dosage:;2. extraction-neutralization 1) general procedure;2) discussion ①? alkalification reagent : NaOH、NH3·H2O、Na2CO3、NaHCO3、 Ca(OH)2、MgO Notes: ⅰ. Phenol: salt ⅱ. fatty substances: emulsification ⅲ. NH3: pKb=4.76 alkaloid: pKb=6~9 ;②??Extraction solvent: CHCl3 C2H5OC2H5 Notes: ⅰ. immiscible with water, boilling point lower ⅱ. solubility greater for alkaloid, little for others ⅲ. not r