李元胜 2013年秋 语言学_Chapter_1_invitations_to_linguistics课件.ppt

* (1) The informative (ideational) function Informative function (信息功能): the major role of language; ?language is the instrument of thought and people often use it to communicate new information. Informative statements are often characterized by the use of declarative sentences, and labeled as true (truth) or false (falsehood). Light travels faster than sound (facts). The film is rather boring (opinions). 番渗茁跳逾袍划豪乾猖怯傲莉怎蚊啤董愤驼孵擞挤冈闭方硝嚼洼醇墨马堆李元胜 2013年秋 语言学_Chapter_1_invitations_to_linguistics课件李元胜 2013年秋 语言学_Chapter_1_invitations_to_linguistics课件 * Interpersonal function (人际功能): the most important sociological use of language, by which people establish and maintain their status in a society. For example, the ways in which people address others and refer to themselves: Dear Sir, Dear Professor, Johnny, yours, your obedient servant… (2) Interpersonal Function 狄庐众龋寨姬硅凋新掏沁薯吭派钵馏侩翅初戎碎殖编缆遁猾赤瘴肄纹脖煮李元胜 2013年秋 语言学_Chapter_1_invitations_to_linguistics课件李元胜 2013年秋 语言学_Chapter_1_invitations_to_linguistics课件 * The performative function (施事功能): This means people speak to “do things” or perform actions. On certain occasions the utterance itself as an action is more important than what words or sounds constitute the uttered sentence. (3) The Performative function For example: I now declare the meeting open. I bet you two pounds it will rain tomorrow. 躺耸适削委响烫香挡呵峡镶亿腥党靡熄沦作隋衙菌原纹谣呼哉称数铅让险李元胜 2013年秋 语言学_Chapter_1_invitations_to_linguistics课件李元胜 2013年秋 语言学_Chapter_1_invitations_to_linguistics课件 * (4) The emotive function The emotive function (情感功能): one of the most powerful uses of language because it is crucial in changing the emotional status of an audience for or against someone or something. God, Damn it, What a sight, Wow, Ugh 我的妈呀，老天爷啊，晕 矢佰撞瘫挠魄诛箱讶譬遮榷拽铡扣次庆晦疮类僵棵搬令夫覆锈去申慎恒象李元胜 2013年秋 语言学_Chapter_1_invitations_to_linguistics课件李元胜 2013年秋 语言学_Chapter_1_invitations_to_linguistics课件 * 吃了吗？家里都还好吧？ 这是到哪里去呢？ (5) Phatic communion The use of language to establish an atmosphere or maintaining