Professional English for Chemical Engineering(化工专业英语)-8课件.ppt

Sichuan University;Chapter 4 Professional English Writing ;Section 1：  Mathematics and Chemicals Specific Words;元素符号 ;;Alkali Metals： Lithium，Sodium，Potassium，Rubidium，Cesium Alkaline-Earth Metals： Beryllium，Magnesium， Calcium，Strontium，Barium Halogen Family Elements： Fluorine，Chlorine，Bromine，Iodine Noble Metals Gold，Silver，Palladium，Platinum Non-Metal Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Sulfur, Phosphorus, Silicon, Helium, Main Group Element，Transitional Element， Oxygen Family Elements，Inert gas elements， ;离子的命名;阴离子包括单原子monatomic和多原子polyatomic阴离子 单原子阴离子以元素名+“-ide”结尾 Oxygen – Oxide Carbon – Carbide Bromine - Bromide 双原子阴离子也已“-ide”结尾 OH- - Hydroxide CN- - Cyanide O22- - Peroxide 在含氧的多原子阴离子中，氧原子的数目通过后缀“-ite”，“-ate”表示，分别是少的或多的氧原子。对于含有更少或更多的氧原子时，可能会使用前缀“hypo-”， “per-”;常见阴离子;氧化物的命名 ;氧化物的命名 ;常见金属氧化物;常见非金属氧化物;酸的命名;常见金属氧化物、碱和盐;酸式盐、碱式盐的命名;所谓烃类，就是指只包含碳氢的有机化合物，比如苯，甲烷等，统称Hydrocarbon Hydrogen + carbon aliphatic hydrocarbon: Methane, Ethylene, aromatic hydrocarbon: Benzene, Toluene alicyclic hydrocarbon: Cyclohexane;烷烃：saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon / Alkyls/ Alkane/ Paraffin 烯烃：unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon /Alkene/Olefin 炔烃：Alkyne /Alkine/Alkynyl compounds, 环烷烃：saturated cylic hydrocarbon/ cycloparaffin/ naphthene 芳香烃：Arene/ aromatic hydrocarbon/aromatic compound. ;直链烷烃命名;烯烃和炔烃;烷烃，烃基，烯烃和炔烃 ;主要石油烃类产品 Liquefied petroleum gas: 液化石油气 Naphthas: 石脑油 White Spirit: 石油溶剂油 Regular and Premium Gasoline: 常规或高级汽油 Jet Fuel: 航空煤油 Lamp Oils: 煤油 Home Heating Oil and Diesel Fuel: 家用燃油和柴油 Paraffins: 石蜡 Heave Fuel: 重油 Base Stocks: 基本汽油 Waxes: 蜡 Asphalts: 沥青;含氧有机物 苯酚 : Phenol - substituting a hydrogen by a hydroxyl group, OH, in an aromatic ring. 呋喃和苯并呋喃：Furanes and benzofuranes: an oxygenated ring is condensed into one or more aromatic rings. 羧酸：Carboxylic acid, R-COOH: where R is a alkyl radical, an aromatic ring, or a saturated ring. 酯：Esters, R-COO-R: where R and R‘ (R prime) are alkyl radical or aromatics. ;含硫有机物 硫醚：Sulfide - where sul