化学必修5知识点（5 required knowledge of Chemistry）.docVIP

化学必修5知识点（5 required knowledge of Chemistry） Organic inference I. the common methods for solving organic inference problems are: 1. according to the nature of inferring functional groups, such as: material can make the reaction material and fade bromine containing carbon carbon triple bond, both -CHO and phenol; silver mirror reaction can occur in the material containing -CHO; can react with sodium substance containing -OH; and the sodium bicarbonate respectively. Melting liquid and sodium carbonate solution reaction substance containing -COOH; can be hydrolyzed to produce alcohol and carboxylic acid ester substances. 2. according to the nature and the number of functional groups according to relevant data, such as: -CHO, 2Ag, Cu20; 2-0H, H2; 2-COOH (CO32-), CO2 3. according to the product of some reactions to infer the functional location, such as: (1) aldehydes or carboxylic acids are oxidized by alcohols; -OH must be attached to carbon atoms with 2 hydrogen atoms; ketones are oxidized by alcohols and -OH is attached to carbon atoms with only one hydrogen atom. (2) the position of -OH or -X can be determined by the product of the elimination reaction. (3) the carbon chain structure can be determined by the number of substituted products. (4) the carbon skeleton by hydrogenation, can be identified as C=C or C = C position. The ability to click: by some typical hydrocarbon derivatives (ethane, acetic acid, ethanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, fatty acid, glycerol ester, polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones, amino acids etc.) as an example, to investigate the role of functional groups in organic compounds. The main functional groups and grasp the nature of the main chemical reaction, and can produce series of contract principle we can use them. Note: the derivatives of hydrocarbon is the core content of middle school organic chemistry, in all kinds of hydrocarbon derivatives, containing oxygen derivatives as the focus. In the textbooks to introduce each kind of represen