ciprofloxacin cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in humans and animals环丙沙星人类和动物毒性和肝毒性.pdfVIP

Pharmacology Pharmacy, 2012, 3, 207-213 207 /10.4236/pp.2012.32028 Published Online April 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/pp) Ciprofloxacin Cardiotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Humans and Animals * Elias Adikwu , Nelson Brambaifa Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba Rivers State, Nigeria. * Email: adikwuelias@ Received January 17th, 2012; revised February 28th, 2012; accepted March 5th, 2012 ABSTRACT Ciprofloxacin is generally well tolerated; the most common adverse effects include gastro intestinal tract, central nerv- ous system and hematological system effects. Recently rising cases of Ciprofloxacin associated toxicity have been re- ported. Experiment using animal models and clinical experience showed that Ciprofloxacin induced cardiotoxicity is marked by increase QT and QTC interval and prolonged action potential duration. This increases the risk of arrhythmia (tosarde de pointes). Ciprofloxacin induced cardiotoxic effect could be associated with blocking cardiac voltage—gated potassium channels particularly the rapid component (IKr) of the delayed rectifier potassium current. Drug interaction with inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 (CYP) mediated metabolism could be one of the underlying mechanisms. Several cases of Ciprofloxacin induced hepatoxicity have been also reported. These were characterized by extensive hepatocel- lular necrosis, mixed inflammatory infiltrate and abundant esinophils in the liver. Elevated liver enzymes which include serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gramma-glutamyltranferase and prolong prothrobin time were reported. The hepatotoxic effect of Ciprofloxacin as reported could be due to oxidative stress induced in the liver by Ciprofloxacin through the