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Hindawi Publishing Corporation Anesthesiology Research and Practice Volume 2011, Article ID 748031, 10 pages doi:10.1155/2011/748031 Review Article Current Concepts in the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting S. Chatterjee,1 A. Rudra,2 and S. Sengupta3 1 Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical College Hospital, 88 College Street, Kolkata, India 2 Department of Anaesthesiology, K.P.C Medical College, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India 3 Department of Anaesthesiology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, 58 Canal Circular Road, Kolkata, India Correspondence should be addressed to S. Chatterjee, sumanc24@ Received 1 July 2011; Revised 21 August 2011; Accepted 24 August 2011 Academic Editor: James B. Eisenkraft Copyright © 2011 S. Chatterjee et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are still common following surgery. This is not only distressing to the patient, but increases costs. The thorough understanding of the mechanism of nausea and vomiting and a careful assessment of risk factors provide a rationale for appropriate management of PONV. Strategy to reduce baseline risk and the adoption of a multimodal approach will most likely ensure success in the management of PONV. 1. Introduction 2. Anatomy Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are two of the The neuroanatomical site controlling nausea and vomiting is most common and unpleasant side effects following anaes- an ill-defined region called the “vomiting center” within the thesia and surgery. The overall incidence of PONV has de-