early-universe and evolution of the present universe exact solution models早期宇宙和宇宙演化的精确解模型.pdfVIP

Journal of Modern Physics, 2011, 2, 817-825 doi:10.4236/jmp.2011.28096 Published Online August 2011 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/jmp) Early-Universe and Evolution of the Present Universe: Exact Solution Models 1 2 3 Koijam Manihar Singh , Thiyam Jairam Singh , Kangujam Priyokumar Singh 1 Department of Mathematics, Sambalpur University, Orissa, India 2Department of Mathematics, Manipur University, Imphal, India 3Department of Mathematics, Ideal Girls ’ College, (Manipur University), Imphal, India E-mail :{drmanihar, jairamth }@, pk_mathematics@yahoo.co.in Received February 17, 2011; revised April 2, 2011; accepted May 4, 2011 Abstract The evolution of the Robertson-Walker type universes consisting of radiating perfect fluid distribution cou- pled with zero-mass scalar field in which the gravitational parameter G varies with cosmic time t are studied. Unified descriptions of the early evolution of the universe consisting of different phases are investigated. The different properties of the cosmological solutions are discussed and the physical behaviour of the model uni- verses during the radiation-dominated era and also during the big bang scenario are studied. Here we obtain models which are geometrically closed and are thereby ever expanding and evolve from rest from a non- singular hot origin with maximum (finite) energy density and temperature and a small minimum (non-zero) gravitational coupling G. Keywords: Evolution, Early Universe, Inflation, Radiation-Dominated Era, Big Bang, Phase Transition, Particle Creation, Relativity 1. Introduction