approximation of solutions to retarded differential equations with applications to population dynamics近似解的种群动态延迟微分方程与应用程序.pdfVIP

APPROXIMATION OF SOLUTIONS TO RETARDED DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH APPLICATIONS TO POPULATION DYNAMICS D. BAHUGUNA AND M. MUSLIM Received 12 October 2003 and in revised form 24 July 2004 We consider a retarded differential equation with applications to population dynamics. We establish the convergence of a finite-dimensional approximations of a unique solu- tion, the existence and uniqueness of which are also proved in the process. 1. Introduction Consider the following partial differential equation with delay: 2 ∂u ∂ u ∂t (t,x ) = ∂x2 (t,x ) + f t,x, u(t,x ), u(t − r,x ) , t 0, x ∈ [0,1], ∂u ∂u (1.1) (t,0) = 0 = (t,1), t ≥ 0, ∂x ∂x u(s,x ) = h(s,x ), s ∈ [−r,0], x ∈ [0,1], where f : [0, ∞) × [0,1] × R × R → R and h : [−r,0] × [0,1] → R is a given function. The above problem for f (t,x, u, v) = −d(x )u + b(x )v models a linear growth of a population 2 2 in [0,1], where u(t, ·) is the population density at time t, and the term ∂ u/∂x represents the internal migration. The continuous functions d, b : [0,1] → [0,∞) represent space- dependent death and birth rates, respectively, and r is the delay due to pregnancy (cf. Engel and Nagel [10, page 434]). We formulate ( 1.1) as the following retarded differential equation: u (t) +Au (t) = f t, u(t), u a(t) , 0 t ≤ T ∞, (1.2) u(t) = h(t), t ∈ [−r,0], in a Hilbert spa