stability analysis of a ratio-dependent predator-prey system with diffusion and stage structure稳定性分析的ratio-dependent扩散和阶段结构捕食系统.pdf

STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A RATIO-DEPENDENT PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEM WITH DIFFUSION AND STAGE STRUCTURE XINYU SONG, ZHIHAO GE, AND JINGANG WU Received 16 November 2004; Revised 25 January 2006; Accepted 16 February 2006 A two-species predator-prey system with diffusion term and stage structure is discussed, local stability of the system is studied using linearization method, and global stability of the system is investigated by strong upper and lower solutions. The asymptotic behavior of solutions and the negative effect of stage structure on the permanence of populations are given. Copyright © 2006 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Predator-prey models have been studied by many authors (see [6, 21]), but the stage structure of species has been ignored in the existing literature. In the natural world, how- ever, there are many species whose individual members have a life history that take them through two stages: immature and mature (see [ 1–3, 7–9, 18–20]). In particular, we have in mind mammalian populations and some amphibious animals, which exhibit these two stages. In these models, the age to maturity is represented by a time delay, leading to a sys- tem of retarded functional differential equations. For general models one can see [11]. Specifically, the standard Lotka-Volterra type models, on which nearly all existing theories are built, assume that the per capita rate predation depends on the prey num- bers only. An alternative assumption is that, as the numbers of predators change slowly (relative to prey change), there is often competition among the predators and the per capita rate of predation depends on the numbers of both preys and predators, most likely and simply on their ratio. A ratio-dependent predator-prey model has been investigated by [ 10]. Recently, a model of ratio-dependent two species predator-prey with stage structure was derived in [ 19]. The model takes the form