bonobos fall within the genomic variation of chimpanzees倭黑猩猩的基因组变异的黑猩猩.pdfVIP

Bonobos Fall within the Genomic Variation of Chimpanzees 1 ¤a ¨ 1 1¤b 1¤c 1 ´ 2 Anne Fischer * , Kay Prufer , Jeffrey M. Good , Michel Halbwax , Victor Wiebe , Claudine Andre , 3 4 1 ¨ ¨ 1 Rebeca Atencia , Lawrence Mugisha , Susan E. Ptak , Svante Paabo 1 Max Plank Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany, 2 Lola Ya Bonobo Bonobo Sanctuary, ‘‘Petites Chutes de la Lukaya’’, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic ´ ` ´ of Congo, 3 Reserve Naturelle Sanctuaire a Chimpanzes de Tchimpounga, Jane Goodall Institute, Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo, 4 Chimpanzee Sanctuary and Wildlife Conservation Trust (CSWCT), Entebbe, Uganda Abstract To gain insight into the patterns of genetic variation and evolutionary relationships within and between bonobos and chimpanzees, we sequenced 150,000 base pairs of nuclear DNA divided among 15 autosomal regions as well as the complete mitochondrial genomes from 20 bonobos and 58 chimpanzees. Except for western chimpanzees, we found poor genetic separation of chimpanzees based on sample locality. In contrast, bonobos consistently cluster together but fall as a group within the variation of chimpanzees for many of the regions. Thus, while chimpanzees retain genomic variation that predates bonobo-chimpanzee speciation, extensive lineage sorting has occurred within bonobos such that much of their genome traces its ancestry back to a single common ancestor that postdates their origin as a group separate from chimpanzees. ¨ Citation: Fis