cancer as a complex phenotype pattern of cancer distribution within and beyond the nuclear family癌症作为一种复杂的表型模式分布在核心家庭内外.pdfVIP

Open access, freely available online PLoS MEDICINE Cancer as a Complex Phenotype: Pattern of Cancer Distribution within and beyond the Nuclear Family 1* 1 1 1 1 Laufey T. Amundadottir , Sverrir Thorvaldsson , Daniel F. Gudbjartsson , Patrick Sulem , Kristleifur Kristjansson , 1¤ 1 2 1 1 Sigurdur Arnason , Jeffrey R. Gulcher , Johannes Bjornsson , Augustine Kong , Unnur Thorsteinsdottir , 1* Kari Stefansson 1 deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland, 2 National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland Competing Interests: JB and SA have declared that no competing A B S T R A C T interests exist. LTA, ST, DFG, PS, KK, JRG, AK, UT, KS have stock in deCODE Genetics as well as equity Background interests. The contribution of low-penetrant susceptibility variants to cancer is not clear. With the aim Author Contributions: LTA, ST, of searching for genetic factors that contribute to cancer at one or more sites in the body, we DFG, PS, KK, SA, JRG, JB, AK, UT, and KS designed the study. LTA, have analyzed familial aggregation of cancer in extended families based on all cancer cases ST, DFG, PS, AK, and UT analyzed diagnosed in Iceland over almost half a century. the data. LTA, ST, DFG, PS, KK, SA, JRG, JB, AK, UT, and KS contributed to writing the paper. Methods and Findings Academic Editor: Cathryn Lewis, We have estimated risk ratios (RRs) of cancer for first- and up to fifth-degree relatives both Guy’s