development, problem behavior, and quality of life in a population based sample of eight-year-old children with down syndrome开发、问题行为和基于人口的生活质量的样本8岁的孩子患有唐氏综合症.pdfVIP

Development, Problem Behavior, and Quality of Life in a Population Based Sample of Eight-Year-Old Children with Down Syndrome Helma B. M. van Gameren-Oosterom*, Minne Fekkes, Simone E. Buitendijk, Ashna D. Mohangoo, Jeanet Bruil, Jacobus P. Van Wouwe Department Child Health, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands Abstract Objective: Children with Down syndrome (DS) have delayed psychomotor development. We investigated levels of development, problem behavior, and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in a population sample of Dutch eight-year-old children with DS. Developmental outcomes were compared with normative data of eight-year-old children from the general population. Method: Over a three-year-period all parents with an eight-year-old child with DS were approached by the national parent organization. Developmental skills were assessed by means of the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Ability. To measure emotional and behavioral problems we used the Child Behavior Checklist. HRQoL was assessed with the TNO-AZL Children’s Quality of Life questionnaire. Analyses of variance were applied to compare groups. Results: A total of 337 children participated. Mean developmental age was substantially lower than mean calendar age (3.9 years, SD 0.87 and 8.1 years, SD 0.15 respectively). Mean developmental age was significantly lower among boys than girls (3.6 (SD 0.85) and 4.2 years (SD 0.82) respectively; p,0.001). Compared with the general population, children with DS had more emotional and behavioral problems (p,0.001). However on the anxious/depressed scale, they scored significantly more favorably (p,0.001). Significantly lower HRQoL scores for the scales gross motor skills, autonomy, social functioning and cognitive functioning were found (p-values,0.001).