signaling of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in diabetes mellitus信号在糖尿病的活性氧和氮物种.pdfVIP

OpiNiON paper OpiNiON paper Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 3:6, 361-373; November/December 2010; © 2010 Landes Bioscience Signaling of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in diabetes mellitus Igor Afanas’ev Vitamin Research Institute; Moscow, Russia and Porto Portugal isorder of physiological signaling of superoxide dismutase (SOD) should Dfunctions of reactive oxygen spe- be intensively studied. cies (ROS) superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and reactive nitrogen species Introduction (RNS) nitric oxide and peroxynitrite is an important feature of diabetes melli- Major reactive oxygen and nitrogen species tus type 1 and type 2. It is now known (ROS and RNS) consist of paramagnetic that hyperglycemic conditions of cells free radicals (superoxide O2.-, hydroxyl are associated with the enhanced levels HO. . , peroxy ROO and nitric oxide free of ROS mainly generated by mitochon- radical (.)NO) and diamagnetic molecules