The Periodic Table of Elements Rochester City （元素周期表的罗彻斯特市）.pdf

The Periodic Table of Elements Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907): A Russian chemist attempted to organize the elements based on information such as density , appearance, atomic mass, and melting point. After much work he determined that there was a repeating pattern to the properties when the elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic mass. In this order, certain chemical properties of the elements were periodic meaning that they had a regular repeated pattern. There were still some missing elements, but he predicted that those were elements yet to be discovered. In 19 14 Henry Moseley determined that the elements should be arranged by the number of protons - the atomic number- and the periodic table was rearranged using this method, which greatly improved the arrangement of elements. So, we arrive at the modern version of the periodic table which looks like … You ’ve got your Periods … And you’ve got your Groups  Periods = rows  Column = group = families  From left to right  What do elements in a group have in common?  What do elements in a row have in common? o The same number of valence electrons (electrons in the  the same number of electron shells outer shell)  Every element in Period 1 (1st row) has 1 shell for its  Every element in group 1 (1st column) has 1 valence electron electrons (H He)  Every element in group 2 has 2 valence electrons.  All of the elements in period 2 have 2 shells for their  In fact, if you know the group ’s number, you automatically electrons.