土工三轴试验试样表面应变场测量.docVIP

土工三轴试验试样表面应变场测量 邵龙潭1，刘永禄2，董建军1，王 春1 （1. 大连理工大学 工程力学系, 辽宁 大连 116024； 2. 大连理工大学 物理系, 辽宁 大连 116024） SHAO Long-tan1, LIU Yong-lu2, DONG Jian-jun1, WANG Chun1 Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; 2.Department of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China) Abstract: Specimen surface strain field cannot be obtained through the specimen deformation measurement method in current soil triaxial test. Hence, the soil specimen stress-strain characteristics, soil specimen deformation anisotropy and Finite Element deformation back analysis cannot be analyzed specifically. To this end, digital image measurement technology has been developed and adopting Image corner subpixel measurement method, the new soil triaxial test deformation digital image measurement system, hence the surface strain field can be measured, and the system provides technical support for the soil mechanical property research. The precision analysis shows that the precision of this system can be 0.02 in pixel unit. Keywords: triaxial test; strain field; subpixel; corner locator; digital image measurement 前　言 对于土工三轴试验试样变形测量，传统的方法只是获取试样的平均应变(轴向应变、径向应变和体积应变)；而各种局部位移传感器虽然能够测得试样局部变形，但也只局限于很少的截面，无法全面测量试样的局部变形情况以及获取试样表面的应变场。最近年的[4,5] 亚像素角点检测是通过迭代运算法则，在灰度图像中确定角点亚像素精度的位置，如图1所示。 亚像素精度角点定位的基本原理是假设角点的精确位置在点，那么任意一个从到指向其邻域中的另一点的向量，都与处的由于噪声的存在，这两个正交，而存在误差 （1）为处的图像灰度梯度点的值应最小的那点的坐标那么，将含有点(假设个点)的方程问题转化为求使得最小化这里组成的矩阵，为构成的列向量时，可使范数最点作为区域的中心继续使用这获得很高的精度保持在一个给定的阈值范围内时，则该角点被定位。 图1亚像素角点检测原理 Fig.1 Sub-pixel accurate location of a corner 1.2 系统组成　　  (a) 系统组成 (b) 立方体压力室 图2 亚像素角点检测方法数字图像测量系统组成和立方体压力室图像 Fig.2 Digital image measurement system based on sub-pixel accurate corner locator method: (a) system composition and (b) cube cell 图3 试验前后试样局部图像 Fig.3 Specimen local image before and after test 由CMOS