原创力文档age and sex composition of seals killed by polar bears in the eastern beaufort sea年龄和性别构成的海豹被北极熊在波弗特海东部.pdfVIP
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age and sex composition of seals killed by polar bears in the eastern beaufort sea年龄和性别构成的海豹被北极熊在波弗特海东部
Age and Sex Composition of Seals Killed by Polar Bears
in the Eastern Beaufort Sea
1 1 1,2 1,2 2
Nicholas W. Pilfold *, Andrew E. Derocher , Ian Stirling , Evan Richardson , Dennis Andriashek
1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 2 Wildlife Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada,
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Abstract
Background: Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the Beaufort Sea enter hyperphagia in spring and gain fat reserves to survive
periods of low prey availability. We collected information on seals killed by polar bears (n = 650) and hunting attempts on
ringed seal (Pusa hispida) lairs (n = 1396) observed from a helicopter during polar bear mark-recapture studies in the eastern
Beaufort Sea in spring in 1985–2011. We investigated how temporal shifts in ringed seal reproduction affect kill composition
and the intraspecific vulnerabilities of ringed seals to polar bear predation.
Principal Findings: Polar bears primarily preyed on ringed seals (90.2%) while bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) only
comprised 9.8% of the kills, but 33% of the biomass. Adults comprised 43.6% (150/344) of the ringed seals killed, while their
pups comprised 38.4% (132/344). Juvenile ringed seals were killed at the lowest proportion, comprising 18.0% (62/344) of
the ringed seal kills. The proportion of ringed seal pups was highest between 2007–2011, in association with high ringed
seal productivity. Half of the adult ringed seal kills were $21 years (60/121), and kill rates of adults increased following the
peak of parturition. Determination of sex from DNA revealed that polar bears killed adult male and adult fe
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