resilience of coral-associated bacterial communities exposed to fish farm effluent的弹性coral-associated细菌社区接触养鱼场废水.pdfVIP

Resilience of Coral-Associated Bacterial Communities Exposed to Fish Farm Effluent 1 2 3 4 1 Melissa Garren *, Laurie Raymundo , James Guest , C. Drew Harvell , Farooq Azam 1 Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America, 2 Marine Laboratory, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam, 3 Marine Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, 4 Department of Ecology Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America Abstract Background: The coral holobiont includes the coral animal, algal symbionts, and associated microbial community. These microbes help maintain the holobiont homeostasis; thus, sustaining robust mutualistic microbial communities is a fundamental part of long-term coral reef survival. Coastal pollution is one major threat to reefs, and intensive fish farming is a rapidly growing source of this pollution. Methodology Principal Findings: We investigated the susceptibility and resilience of the bacterial communities associated with a common reef-building coral, Porites cylindrica, to coastal pollution by performing a clonally replicated transplantation experiment in Bolinao, Philippines adjacent to intensive fish farming. Ten fragments from each of four colonies (total of 40 fragments) were followed for 22 days across five sites: a well-flushed reference site (the original fragment source); two sites with low exposure to milkfish (Chanos chanos) aquaculture effluent; and two sites with high exposure. Elevated level