salmon aquaculture and antimicrobial resistance in the marine environment鲑鱼水产养殖和海洋环境的抗菌素耐药性.pdfVIP

Salmon Aquaculture and Antimicrobial Resistance in the Marine Environment 1 2 ´ 1 1 Alejandro H. Buschmann , Alexandra Tomova , Alejandra Lopez , Miguel A. Maldonado , ´ 1, Larisa Ivanova2, Fred Moy3, Henry P. Godfrey3, Felipe C. Cabello2* Luis A. Henrıquez 1 Centro i,mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile, 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America, 3 Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America Abstract Antimicrobials used in salmon aquaculture pass into the marine environment. This could have negative impacts on marine environmental biodiversity, and on terrestrial animal and human health as a result of selection for bacteria containing antimicrobial resistance genes. We therefore measured the numbers of culturable bacteria and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in marine sediments in the Calbuco Archipelago, Chile, over 12-month period at a salmon aquaculture site approximately 20 m from a salmon farm and at a control site 8 km distant without observable aquaculture activities. Three antimicrobials extensively used in Chilean salmon aquaculture (oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, and florfenicol) were studied. Although none of these antimicrobials was detected in sediments from either site, traces of flumequine, a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial also widely used in Chile, were present in sediments from both sites during this period. There were significant increases in bacterial numbers an