呃逆治疗（Hiccup treatment）.docVIP

呃逆治疗（Hiccup treatment） Clinical diagnosis and treatment of hiccup Hiccups are involuntary diaphragm spasms that cause contraction of the respiratory muscle and the sound of the vocal cords that suddenly shut down at the end of contraction. The center of the hiccup is in the cervical segment of the spinal cord, which stimulates the vagus movement by vagal, sympathetic and cerebral nerve afferents, and then by efferent innervation of the muscle. I. etiology The duration of hiccups varies from minutes to months. Transient hiccup is a transient, common cause of stomach swelling, sudden changes in temperature, alcohol consumption, smoking, mood changes, etc., and there is not much pathological significance, so there is no need for special treatment. If it does not relieve for more than 48 hours, it is called intractable hiccup. Intractable hiccups make patients feel pain, secondary vomiting, water and electrolyte disorders, insomnia, prostration, persistent mental tension, etc., therefore, timely diagnosis and treatment is very important. Most of the hiccups in cancer patients are organic factors, and the duration is long. The common diseases are digestive tract tumor, lung cancer, central nervous system tumor and tumor treatment, especially after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Common causes of hiccups Central cause Tumor, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, fourth ventricle tumor Other brain edema, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, brain abscess, encephalitis Meningitis, bulbar hemorrhage, brain trauma Peripheral cause Neck diseases, toxic goiter, aneurysm, trachea cyst, diverticulum of esophagus, arteriovenous aneurysm Chest diseases, pleurisy, mediastinal compression, mediastinal inflammation, pericarditis, pneumonia, lung abscess, lung cancer Esophageal cancer, esophagitis, aortic aneurysm, diaphragmatic hernia, diaphragmatic eventration Internal causes include lower esophageal cancer, hiatal hernia, esophageal varices, gastric bleeding, gastric hernia, and gastri