23章 镇痛药（The 23 chapter is analgesic）.docVIP

23章 镇痛药（The 23 chapter is analgesic） Answer: display Font: large, medium and small Print: Print Edition clear, custom ? Row spacing: single, 1.2, 1.5 times, 1.7 times, 2 times, font: large, small, hidden: questions, numbers, handwritten board ? Whats the exam? Analgesic 1. opioid alkaloids (1) the pharmacokinetic characteristics, pharmacological effects, clinical applications and adverse reactions of morphine (2) opioid abuse (3) pharmacological action of codeine 2. synthetic analgesic drugs Pharmacological characteristics of pethidine, fentanyl, methadone and tramadol 3. opioid receptor antagonists Naloxone and naltrexone pharmacological effects and clinical application Section 1 opioid drugs Opioid receptor agonists morphine [pharmacokinetic characteristics] After oral absorption, first pass clear. The absorption rate of subcutaneous injection is fast, and 30min can absorb 60%, L / 3, which is combined with plasma protein. Dissociative morphine can be distributed throughout the tissues and organs of the body. Only a small amount of morphine can enter the brain tissue through the blood-brain barrier. Morphine can enter the fetus through the placenta, mostly metabolized by the liver, mainly excreted from the kidneys, and excreted in small amounts through milk and bile. [pharmacological effects] Morphine, a opioid receptor agonist, acts as an analgesic, sedative, inhibitory, respiratory, and antitussive agent Both are related to the activation of opioid receptors. 1., the role of CNS (1) analgesia and sedation: it has a strong analgesic effect, and obviously reduces or eliminates all kinds of pain. Chronic blunt pain is better than intermittent sharp pain. There is a clear sedative effect, eliminating the patients nervousness, fear, anxiety and other emotions. The pain can be accompanied by euphoria, which is an important factor in the analgesic effect of morphine. It is also an important cause of morphine addiction. (2) inhibiting respiration: inhibiting respiratory