复合泡沫体系驱油研究.doc

摘 要 大庆油田已进入高含水开发期，注水开发的平均采收率40%计算，还有60%的剩余油有待于用注水开发技术以外的其他技术开采。开展有效的三次采油技术研究是延长大庆油田开发期，确保油田稳产的需要。经过“七五”、“八五”攻关，聚合物驱油技术具备了工业化应用的配套能力，三元复合驱也取得了一定效果。尽管如此，仍有40~50%的剩余油留在地下。为了挖掘这部分潜力，必须研究比聚合物驱和三元复合驱更好的三次采油方法。泡沫流体应用于油田，在国内外已有30多年的历史，作为一门新兴技术，泡沫在驱油、含水气井的排水采气、冲砂洗井、钻井、调剖、堵水、酸化、水泥固井及压裂等油气田开发中的诸多方面获得了长足的发展，并取得了肯定的效果。其流体的组成形式也由单一的(表活剂+气)型发展成(表活剂+聚合物+气)、(表活剂+聚合物，蒸汽)、(表活剂+凝胶+气)和(表活剂+碱+聚合物+气)等多种形式。进入80年代以来，我国油田泡沫流体应用技术有了重大突破。大量实践表明，泡沫流体是保护油层、防止油层污染、提高油气产量的重要手段。泡沫复合驱是在多元复合驱基础上发展起来的，即在注三元体系时，加入天然气产生泡沫，最大限度地提高波及体积，从而可大幅度地提高原油采收率。 本文着重研究泡沫复合体系在非均质岩心上的物理模拟实验，考虑了气液比、驱替速度、岩心渗透率变异系数、原油粘度、体系剪切对泡沫复合体系驱油效果的影响。研究结果表明：泡沫复合驱采收率随气液比、驱替速度的增加而增加；当气液比一定时，在 Vk=0.6～0.8范围内，随着变异系数的增大，泡沫复合驱在聚驱基础上提高采收率幅度增加，在渗透率变异系数达 0.72时其提高采收率幅度最大，表明泡沫体系对非均质油层具有选择性。通过室内驱油物理模拟实验结果表明泡沫复合体系可大幅度提高原油采收率，在聚驱基础上提高15%-20%。泡沫复合驱是在三元复合驱和常规泡沫驱基础上发展起来的一项新的三次采油技术，该方法集中了三元复合驱和普通泡沫驱的双重优点，因而提高采收率的幅度很大，有广阔的发展前景。 关键词：复合泡沫体系驱油；采收率；发泡特性；泡沫稳定性；超低界面张力 Abstract The Daqing oilfield has been on a high water-cut development period now, the average water drive recovery efficiency is 40% OOIP, and there is 60% OOIP left which can be used for other kind of development method to produce. Studying the tertiary recovery can not only prolong the development period, but also can satisfy the request of stable production. Through National Key technology RD Program during the Seventh and eighth Five-Year Plan Period，polymer flooding already has the related ability of industry applying, and the ASP-flooding has had a good effect. Nevertheless, there is 40-50% left in oil reservoir. In order to drive this part of oil out of the reservoir, we need to find another tertiary recovery method which is better than polymer flooding and ASP-flooding. Foam fluid was used in oil field for 30 years, as a new technology, foam has achieved rapid development and borne good results in oilfield development, such as drive , drainage gas recovery in water-bearing gas wells, sand-flushing, drilling, profile control and water shutoff, acidification, cement slurry ceme