农村人力资本积累及城乡收入差距实证的分析研究.pdfVIP

中文摘要 金融危机的爆发严重制约了我国经济增长的“三驾马车”。扩大国 内需求，保持经济持续稳定增长，成为我国目前经济发展的主要任务 之一。扩大国内需求的举措之一是启动农村消费市场，然而农民收入 水平低，消费水平弱，城乡收入差距大。因此缩小城乡收入差距成为 目前迫切需要解决的现实问题。针对这一问题，学者们从各自不同的 研究领域、不同的研究角度剖析了城乡收入差距扩大的原因。本文则 主要从增加农村人力资本积累角度对城乡收入差距进行分析。 本文从农村教育、农村医疗保健支出和劳动力迁移三个方面分析 我国农村人力资本积累的现状，以城乡人均可支配收入、人均消费水 平差距视角阐述我国城乡收入差距现状。运用 Johansen 协整检验和 向量自回归模型分析农村人均教育支出、人均医疗保健支出和城乡人 均可支配收入、人均消费水平差距的长期均衡关系及短期动态调整关 系。 实证结果表明：增加农村人力资本积累(即教育和健康的投入)可 以缩小城乡收入差距，它们之间不仅存在着长期的均衡关系，而且在 短期内也具有显著的动态关系。但同时我们也得出：由于我国的社会 保障制度不完善、医疗体制存在着诸多弊病、教育体制和政策不均衡 等制度问题，又制约了农民收入的增加幅度。因此，只有政府将增加 农村人力资本积累的资金投入和各种城乡体制上的改革措施有机地 结合起来，才能更有效地发挥农村人力资本积累对农村经济发展的推 动作用，才能有利于扩大国内需求，保持经济的稳定增长，应对国际 金融危机对我国经济产生的负面影响。 关键词：农村人力资本 收入差距 向量自回归 I Abstract The financial crisis eruption has restricted our country economy growth seriously .Expanding the domestic demands and maintaining the growth of economy, at present, have become one of primary missions of economical development in our country. One of measures of expanding the domestic demands is the start-up of the countryside expense market. But the differential income between urban and rural citizens is so wide, especially the farmers’ are low, and the consumption level is weak. How to enhances the farmers’ incomes, and reduces the differential income between urban and rural, at present, has become the realistic question which needs to solve urgently. To solve this problem, a number of scholars have offered many precious suggestions from their different points of view. Then, this paper mainly studies the accumulation of the rural human capital between urban and rural citizens on the widening of income disparity. This paper chooses the rural education, medical service and the labor movement to analyze the accumulation o