neural changes developed during the extinction of cocaine self-administration behavior神经发达在灭绝的可卡因自治行为变化.pdfVIP

Pharmaceuticals 2011, 4, 1315-1327; doi:10.3390/ph4101315 OPEN ACCESS Pharmaceuticals ISSN 1424-8247 /journal/pharmaceuticals Review Neural Changes Developed during the Extinction of Cocaine Self-Administration Behavior Alejandro Higuera-Matas 1, Miguel Miguens 2, Nuria del Olmo 3, Carmen García-Lecumberri 1 and Emilio Ambrosio 1,* 1 Department of Psychobiology, School of Psychology, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; E-Mail: ahiguera@psi.uned.es (A.H-M.); cglecumberri@psi.uned.es (C.G.L.) 2 Department of Basic Psychology I, School of Psychology, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; E-Mail: mmiguens@psi.uned.es (M.M.) 3 Department of Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, School of Pharmacy, San Pablo-CEU University, Urb. Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain; E-Mail: nolmo@ceu.es (N.O.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: eambrosio@psi.uned.es (E.A.); Tel.: +34-91-398-7974; Fax: +34-91-398-6287. Received: 8 September 2011 / Accepted: 20 September 2011 / Published: 13 October 2011 Abstract: The high rate of recidivism in cocaine addiction after prolonged periods of abstinence poses a significant problem for the effective treatment of this condition. Moreover, the neurobiological basis of this relapse phenomenon remains poorly understood. In this review, we will discuss the evidence currently available regarding the neurobiological changes during the extinction of cocaine self-administration. Specifically, we will focus on alterations in the dopaminergic, opi