new light on a lost cause atticus g. haygood’s universalizing spirituality新的光损失导致阿提克斯。g . haygood普遍化的灵性.pdfVIP

Religions 2012, 3, 357–368; doi:10.3390/rel3020357 OPEN ACCESS religions ISSN 2077-1444 /journal/religions Article New Light on a Lost Cause: Atticus G. Haygood’s Universalizing Spirituality Susan Kwilecki Department of Philosophy Religious Studies, Radford University, Radford, VA 24141, USA; E-Mail: skwileck@; Tel.: +1-540-831-5000 Received: 12 March 2012; in revised form: 1 April 2012 / Accepted: 13 April 2012 / Published: 26 April 2012 Abstract: The American tragedy of slavery and the Civil War provides the backdrop for the exemplary spirituality of Atticus Haygood (1839– 1896). The son of a Georgia slaveholder, Haygood served as a chaplain in the Confederate army. At the War‘s end, he returned to Atlanta to suffer poverty and humiliation under the martial law of conquerors. His spirituality developed as a positive response to the chaos of Reconstruction. Following a mid-life transformation, he earned a national reputation as a progressive Southerner and crusader for the rights and education of former slaves. As a Southern Methodist clergyman, Haygood blended the ideals of evangelism and the social gospel, envisioning an America in which Northerners and Southerners, blacks and whites joined together to build the Kingdom of God. His spirituality evolved to the ―universalizing‖ pinnacle of James Fowler‘s stages of faith, a perspective from which all persons—regardless of race, status, and place of birth—participate as equals in fellowship with a j