pesticides in house dust from urban and farmworker households in california an observational measurement study农药在加州的房子灰尘从城市和农业工人家庭的观察测量研究.pdfVIP

Quirós-Alcalá et al. Environmental Health 2011, 10:19 /content/10/1/19 RESEARCH Open Access Pesticides in house dust from urban and farmworker households in California: an observational measurement study 1 1* 2 3 4 1,5 Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá , Asa Bradman , Marcia Nishioka , Martha E Harnly , Alan Hubbard , Thomas E McKone , Jeannette Ferber 1, Brenda Eskenazi1 Abstract Background: Studies report that residential use of pesticides in low-income homes is common because of poor housing conditions and pest infestations; however, exposure data on contemporary-use pesticides in low- income households is limited. We conducted a study in low-income homes from urban and agricultural communities to: characterize and compare house dust levels of agricultural and residential-use pesticides; evaluate the correlation of pesticide concentrations in samples collected several days apart; examine whether concentrations of pesticides phased-out for residential uses, but still used in agriculture (i.e., chlorpyrifos and diazinon) have declined in homes in the agricultural community; and estimate resident children’s pesticide exposures via inadvertent dust ingestion. Methods: In 2006, we collected up to two dust samples 5-8 days apart from each of 13 urban homes in Oakland, California and 15 farmworker homes in Salinas, California, an agricultural community (54 samples total). We measured 22 insecticides including organophosphates (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, diazinon-oxon, malathion, methidathion, methyl parathion, phorate, and tetrachlorvinphos) and pyrethroids (allethrin-two isomers, bifenthrin, cypermethrin-four isomers, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, imiprothrin, permeth