physiological sensing of carbon dioxidebicarbonateph via cyclic nucleotide signaling的生理感应碳dioxidebicarbonateph通过环核苷酸信号.pdf

Sensors 2011, 11, 2112-2128; doi:10.3390/s110202112 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review Physiological Sensing of Carbon Dioxide/Bicarbonate/pH via Cyclic Nucleotide Signaling Jochen Buck and Lonny R. Levin Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; E-Mails: jobuck@ (J.B.); llevin@ (L.R.L.); Tel.: 212-746-6274 (J.B.); 212-746-6752 (L.R.L.); Fax: 212-746-6241 Received: 3 January 2011; in revised form: 28 January 2011 / Accepted: 10 February 2011 / Published: 11 February 2011 Abstract: Carbon dioxide (CO ) is produced by living organisms as a byproduct of 2 metabolism. In physiological systems, CO2 is unequivocally linked with bicarbonate (HCO3−) and pH via a ubiquitous family of carbonic anhydrases, and numerous biological processes are dependent upon a mechanism for sensing the level of CO , HCO , and/or pH. 2 3 The discovery that soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is directly regulated by bicarbonate provided a link between CO /HCO /pH chemosensing and signaling via the widely used 2 3 second messenger cyclic AMP. This review summarizes the evidence that bicarbonate-regulated sAC, and additional, subsequently identified bicarbonate-regula