recent updates in redox regulation and free radical scavenging effects by herbal products in experimental models of parkinson’s disease最近更新的氧化还原调控和自由基清除效果的草药产品在帕金森病的实验模型.pdfVIP

Molecules 2012, 17, 11391-11420; doi:10.3390/molecules171011391 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Review Recent Updates in Redox Regulation and Free Radical Scavenging Effects by Herbal Products in Experimental Models of Parkinson’s Disease Sushruta Koppula *, Hemant Kumar, Sandeep Vasant More, Hyung-Woo Lim, Soon-Min Hong and Dong-Kug Choi * Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: Koppula@kku.ac.kr (S.K.); choidk@kku.ac.kr (D.-K.C.); Tel.: +82-43-840-3610 (D.-K.C.); Fax: +82-43-840-3872 (D.-K.C.). Received: 30 August 2012; in revised form: 12 September 2012 / Accepted: 21 September 2012 / Published: 26 September 2012 Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex multifactorial disease marked by extensive neuropathology in the brain with selective yet prominent and progressive loss of mid-brain dopaminergic neurons. The etiological factors involved in the development of PD are still elusive, but oxidative stress arising when reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceed amounts required for normal redox signaling is considered one of the major factors. ROS cause oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA and are one of the most prominent factors related to neurodegeneration. Pre-clinical and clinical studies clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PD. Therefor