role of homer proteins in the maintenance of sleep-wake states荷马的蛋白质在睡眠状态的维护.pdfVIP

Role of Homer Proteins in the Maintenance of Sleep- Wake States 1,2 1 1 3 4 Nirinjini Naidoo *, Megan Ferber , Raymond J. Galante , Blake McShane , Jia Hua Hu , 1 1,2 1 5 4. 1,2. John Zimmerman , Greg Maislin , Jacqui Cater , Abraham Wyner , Paul Worley , Allan I. Pack 1 Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 2 Division of Sleep Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 3 Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, 4 Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 5 The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America Abstract Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved process that is linked to diurnal cycles and normal daytime wakefulness. Healthy sleep and wakefulness are integral to a healthy lifestyle; this occurs when an organism is able to maintain long bouts of both sleep and wake. Homer proteins, which function as adaptors for group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors, have been implicated in genetic studies of sleep in both Drosophila and mouse. Drosophila express a single Homer gene product that is upregulated during sleep. By contrast, vertebrates express Homer as both constitutive and immediate early gene (H1a) forms, and H1a is up-regulated during wakefulness. Genetic deletion of Homer in Drosophila results in frag