role of phosphatidyl-serine in bone repair and its technological exploitationphosphatidyl-serine在骨修复中的作用及其技术开发.pdfVIP

Molecules 2009, 14, 5367-5381; doi:10.3390/molecule OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Review Role of Phosphatidyl-Serine in Bone Repair and Its Technological Exploitation Antonio Merolli 1,* and Matteo Santin 2 1 Orthopaedics Hand Surgery, The Catholic University in Rome, Complesso Columbus, via Moscati 31, I-00168 Rome, Italy 2 School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Cockcroft Building, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK; E-Mail: m.santin@brighton.ac.uk (M.S.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: antonio.merolli@rm.unicatt.it. Received: 30 September 2009; in revised form: 16 November 2009 / Accepted: 21 December 2009 / Published: 22 December 2009 Abstract: In the 1970s, morphological evidence collected by electron microscopy linked mineral deposition (“calcification” or “mineralization”) in newly-forming bone to membrane-encapsulated particles of a diameter of approximately 100 nm (50–200 nm) that were called “matrix vesiscles”. As the characterisation of these vesicles progressed towards their biochemical composition, the role of lipids in the biomineralization process appeared to be crucial. In particular, a group of cell-membrane phospholipids were identified as major players in the crystal formation process. Indeed, in the 1980s it became clear that phosphatidylserine, together with proteins of the annexin family, was among the most important molecules in binding calcium ions a