原创力文档targets and effects of yessotoxin, okadaic acid and palytoxin a differential review目标和影响yessotoxin,冈田酸和水螅毒素微分审查.pdfVIP
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targets and effects of yessotoxin, okadaic acid and palytoxin a differential review目标和影响yessotoxin,冈田酸和水螅毒素微分审查
Mar. Drugs 2010, 8, 658-677; doi:10.3390/md8030658
OPEN ACCESS
Marine Drugs
ISSN 1660-3397
/journal/marinedrugs
Review
Targets and Effects of Yessotoxin, Okadaic Acid and Palytoxin:
A Differential Review
Antonella Franchini, Davide Malagoli and Enzo Ottaviani *
Department of Biology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
E-Mails: antonella.franchini@unimore.it (A.F.); davide.malagoli@unimore.it (D.M.)
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: enzo.ottaviani@unimore.it;
Tel.: +39-059-205-5536; Fax: +39-059-205-5548.
Received: 8 January 2010; in revised form: 9 February 2010 / Accepted: 10 February 2010 /
Published: 16 March 2010
Abstract: In this review, we focus on processes, organs and systems targeted by the
marine toxins yessotoxin (YTX), okadaic acid (OA) and palytoxin (PTX). The effects of
YTX and their basis are analyzed from data collected in the mollusc Mytilus
galloprovincialis, the annelid Enchytraeus crypticus, Swiss CD1 mice and invertebrate and
vertebrate cell cultures. OA and PTX, two toxins with a better established mode of action,
are analyzed with regard to their effects on development. The amphibian Xenopus laevis is
used as a model, and the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX) as the
experimental protocol.
Keywords: development; FETAX; marine toxins; invertebrate; vertebrate; cell cultures;
toxin targets
1. Introduction
The studies and reviews on the marine
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