when flexibility is stable implicit long-term shaping of olfactory preferences当灵活性是稳定的隐式长期形成的嗅觉的偏好.pdfVIP

When Flexibility Is Stable: Implicit Long-Term Shaping of Olfactory Preferences ´ 1 1 2 2 1 Geraldine Coppin *, Sylvain Delplanque , Christelle Porcherot , Isabelle Cayeux , David Sander 1 Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, and the Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3 Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 2 Firmenich SA, Geneva, Switzerland; Abstract Preferences are traditionally assumed to be stable. However, empirical evidence such as preference modulation following choices calls this assumption into question. The evolution of such postchoice preference over long time spans, even when choices have been explicitly forgotten, has so far not been studied. In two experiments, we investigated this question by using a variant of the free choice paradigm: In a first session, participants evaluated the pleasantness of a number of odors. We then formed pairs of similarly rated odors, and asked participants to choose their favorite, for each pair. Participants were then presented with all odors again, and asked for another pleasantness rating. In a second session 1 week later, a third pleasantness rating was obtained, and participants were again asked to choose between the same options. Results suggested postchoice preference modulation immediately and 1 week after choice for both chosen and rejected options, even when choices were not explicitly remembered. A third experiment, using another paradigm, confirmed that choice can have a modulatory impact on preferences, and that this modulation can be long-lasting. Taken together, these findings suggest that although preferences appear to be flexible because they are modulated by choices, this modulation also appe