the role of innate immune responses in the outcome of interspecies competition for colonization of mucosal surfaces先天免疫反应的作用在种间竞争的结果,粘膜表面的殖民.pdfVIP

The Role of Innate Immune Responses in the Outcome of Interspecies Competition for Colonization of Mucosal Surfaces * Elena S. Lysenko, Adam J. Ratner, Aaron L. Nelson, Jeffrey N. Weiser Departments of Microbiology and Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America Since mucosal surfaces may be simultaneously colonized by multiple species, the success of an organism may be determined by its ability to compete with co-inhabitants of its niche. To explore the contribution of host factors to polymicrobial competition, a murine model was used to study the initiation of colonization by Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Both bacterial species, which occupy a similar microenvironment within the nasopharynx, persisted during colonization when given individually. Co-colonization, however, resulted in rapid clearance of S. pneumoniae from the upper respiratory tract, associated with increased recruitment of neutrophils into paranasal spaces. Systemic depletion of either neutrophil-like cells or complement was sufficient to eliminate this competitive effect, indicating that clearance was likely due to enhanced opsonophagocytic killing. The hypothesis that modulation of opsonophagocytic activity was responsible for host-mediated competition was tested using in vitro killing assays with elicited neutrophil-like cells. Components of H. influenzae (but not S. pneumoniae) stimulated complement-dependent phagocytic killing of S. pneumoniae. Thus, the recruitment and activation of neutrophils through selective microbial pattern recognition may underlie the H. influenzae–induced clearance of S. pneumoniae. This study demonstra