the role of lymphostatinehec factor for adherence-1 in the pathogenesis of gram negative infectionadherence-1 lymphostatinehec因素的作用在革兰氏阴性感染的发病机理.pdfVIP

Toxins 2010, 2, 954-962; doi:10.3390/toxins2050954 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 /journal/toxins Review The Role of Lymphostatin/EHEC Factor for Adherence-1 in the Pathogenesis of Gram Negative Infection Jan-Michael A. Klapproth Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30322, USA; E-Mail: jklappr@ ; Tel.: +1-404-727-5638 Received: 21 March 2010; in revised form: 22 April 2010 / Accepted: 27 April 2010 / Published: 5 May 2010 Abstract: Lymphostatin/EHEC factor for adherence-1 is a novel large toxin represented in various Gram negative bacteria, highly associated with the development of infectious diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. In vitro and in vivo experiments identified lymphostatin/EFA-1 as a toxin with a central role in the pathogenesis of Gram negative bacteria, responsible for bacterial adhesion, intestinal colonization, immunosuppression, and disruption of gut epithelial barrier function. Keywords: lymphocyte inhibitory factor A/EHEC factor for adherence-1; lymphostatin; Gram negative bacterial toxin; Enteropathogenic E. coli ; Enterohemorrhagic E. coli ; immunosuppression; Citrobacter rodentium; intestinal epithelial barrier function 1. Introduction Gastrointestinal infections and diarrhea are a worldwide problem with more than 1 billion cases and approximately 2 million deaths annually [1]; 80% of which children aged 6 months to 3 years. Infectiou