生物知识总结（Biological knowledge summary）.doc

生物知识总结（Biological knowledge summary） Summary of biological knowledge in junior high school Unit 1: biology and biosphere 1, scientific inquiry generally includes links: Ask questions, make assumptions, plan, implement plans, draw conclusions, and communicate 2, biological features 1) biological life requires nutrition: most plants produce organic (autotrophic) organisms through photosynthesis; animals acquire readily available nutrients from the outside world (heterotrophic). 2) creatures can breathe. 3) biology can expel waste from the body. The way animals discharge wastes: sweating, exhaled air, urination. The way in which plants discharge waste: Fallen leaves. 4) biological energy responds to external stimuli - stress. Example: Zebra found predators quickly after fleeing. The response of an Mimosa to a stimulus. 5) biological energy growth and reproduction. 6) apart from viruses, the living things are made up of cells. 3, the bottom surface of the biosphere: the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere of the department. 4, the biosphere provides the basic conditions for the survival of organisms: nutrients, sunlight, air and water, suitable temperature and certain living space. 5, environmental factors affecting the survival of organisms: 6, biological adaptation and impact on the environment: 7, the concept and composition of ecosystem Concept: the unified whole of organisms and environment in a given region is called ecological system. Consisting of living parts and nonliving parts. The biological part includes producers, consumers, and decomposer. Non biological parts include sunlight, water, air, temperature and so on 8 food chain and food web: 9. List different ecosystems: Forest ecosystems, grassland ecosystems, marine ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems, farmland ecosystems, etc., the biosphere is the largest ecosystem. Second unit 10, using the microscope slide 11, cells are the basic structures and functional units of biological life activities. 12. The u