生物反应工程教学课件-Bioprocess Engineering Lesson-7.pptVIP

Part III Bioreaction Kinetics Chapter 8 Kinetics of Homogeneous Bioreactions The heart of a bioprocess is the bioreactor or fermenter, where the major biochemical reactions occur. In many bioprocesses, characteristics of the bioreaction determine to a large extent the economic feasibility of the project. How fast a reaction is happening can be described by its kinetics, therefore, bioreaction kinetics is always playing most important role in Bioreaction Engineering. Most bioreactions are carried out in a homogeneous system in which enzymes or cells are suspended within bioreactors. Kinetics of homogeneous reaction is also the basis of heterogeneous bioreactions. 8.1 Basic Reaction Theory Reaction theory has two fundamental parts: reaction thermodynamics and reaction kinetics. Reaction thermodynamics is concerned with how far the reaction can proceed; no matter how fast a reaction is, it cannot continue beyond the point of chemical equilibrium. On the other hand, reaction kinetics is concerned with how fast at which reactions occur. 8.1.1 Reaction Thermodynamics 8.1.2 Reaction Yield The extent to which reactants are converted to products is expressed as the reaction yield. Yield is the amount of product formed or accumulated per amount of reactant provided or consumed. 8.1.3 Reaction Rate Total rate Total rate is useful for specifying the output of a particular reactor or plant. Production rate for a factory is often expressed as total rate. Volumetric rate Specific rate 8.1.4 Reaction Kinetics Reaction kinetics refers to the relationship between rate of reaction and conditions which affect reaction velocity, such as reactant concentration and temperature. These relationships are conveniently described using kinetic expressions or kinetic equations. 8.1.5 Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate Arrhenius equation 8.2 General Reaction Kinetics The kinetics of many biological systems is either zero- or first-order or a combination of