生物复习（Biological review）.docVIP

生物复习（Biological review） I. nutrition of the human body 1. Nutrients in food 1) protein: the basic substance that constitutes the bodys cells and provides energy for the bodys physiological activities; Carbohydrate: the most important energy substance in human body and the component of cell; Fat: an energy supply substance with the highest mass release energy; but in general, fat is stored as an alternative energy source; Vitamin: does not participate in the formation of human cells, but also does not provide energy, less content, the regulation of human life activities, Vitamin A: promote the normal development of human body, enhance resistance, and maintain the normal vision of human. The lack of time, rough skin, night blindness Vitamin B1: maintain the normal metabolism of the body and the normal physiological functions of the nervous system. The lack of time, neuritis, beriberi Vitamin C: maintain normal metabolism, maintain the normal physiological function of skeleton, muscle and blood vessel, and strengthen the resistance. The lack of time, scurvy, resistance to decline Vitamin D: promote the absorption of calcium, phosphorus and bone development. The lack of time, rickets (such as chicken, X or O shaped legs), osteoporosis Water: about 60%~70% of the body weight, the main component of the cell, all kinds of physiological activities of the human body can not do without water. Inorganic salt: an important constituent of human tissue, such as calcium, phosphorus (consisting of bones and teeth) and iron (constituting hemoglobin) 2 digestion and absorption 1) digestive system function: digestion of food and absorption of nutrients The digestive system consists of the digestive tract and the digestive gland. Alimentary canal: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, big intestine, anus; Digestive glands: (salivary glands, stomach glands, liver, pancreas, intestinal glands) secrete digestive juices, the liver is the largest digestive gland in the