七下知识要点（Seven, the main points of knowledge）.doc

七下知识要点（Seven, the main points of knowledge） [seven below the main points of knowledge] In the seventh chapter, organisms have the same basic structure In 1 and 1665, the Englishman Hooke invented the microscope to observe the cork slices and found that it was made up of many small cells, which were called cells. In fact, the cell walls left by dead cells. 2, 1830s, the German scientists, for animal and plant Schwann Schleiden were observed and studied deeply, this plant and animal is composed of cells, founded the theory of cell. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of organisms. (viruses, etc) Temporary loading process 3, production of onion epidermal cells: rub - drop tear - - - - absorbing dye exhibition cover. The cover glass side first and then gently placed flat water contact is to prevent bubbles; with iodine staining is to make the image more clear. 4, the basic structure of animal and plant cells, including cell membrane (protection, control substances in and out), cytoplasm (living cells, cytoplasm is mobile), the nucleus (containing genetic material). Plant cells also have cell walls (protection and support), vacuoles (containing cell fluid), chloroplasts (photosynthetic sites), and in addition, the cytoplasm of plants and animals contains mitochondria related to respiration. 5. The genetic material in the nucleus is called deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. DNA is mainly found on chromosomes. The nucleus plays an important role in biological heredity. When cloning animals, animals cloned from the nuclei of A animals are like A. 6, there are two reasons why organisms can grow up. One is that cell division increases the number; two, cell growth leads to increased volume. Before the cell divides, the chromosomes replicate, forming exactly the same two copies and redistributed into two new cells, thus ensuring the stability of the number of chromosomes in each organism. 7, cells change during growth, called cell differentiation. As a result of cell