高一化学必修二知识点归纳（Senior chemistry required two knowledge points induction）.doc

高一化学必修二知识点归纳（Senior chemistry required two knowledge points induction） Periodic table of elements I memorize equation: atomic number = nuclear charge number = proton number = extranuclear electron number 1, the arrangement principle of periodic table: Arrange from left to right in the order of increasing atomic number; The elements with the same number of layers are arranged into a rough cycle; Put the outermost electron with the same number of elements according to the order of increasing number of electronic rows from top to bottom - family 2, how to accurately represent the elements in the periodic table position: Periodic ordinal = Electron layer number; principal group ordinal = outermost electron number Formula: three short three long insufficiency; seven main seven group 08 Remember: three short period, element symbol and name of the first and seventh main group and the group 0 3, the elements of metal and non-metallic judgment basis: The basis of judging the strength of metal elements: A simple substance reacts with water or acid to displace hydrogen; Alkali hydroxide hydrate - element high oxide; replacement reaction. The basis of judging the strength of nonmetallic elements: The difficulty of the formation of gaseous hydride and hydrogen gas and the stability of gaseous hydrides; The high acidity of the corresponding oxide hydrate; replacement reaction. 4 、 nuclide: an atom having a certain number of protons and a certain number of neutrons. The quality of the number of proton neutron number: number = = = = Z + A + N Isotopes: isotopes of different elements of the same element having the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. (different isotopes of the same element have different physical properties and the same chemical properties) Two. Periodic law of elements 1, the factors affecting the size of the atomic radius: Electronic layer number: the more electronic layer number, the bigger the atomic radius (the most important factor) Number