化学专业外语13.有机化学中的氧化还原反应.ppt

词汇 covalent chemical compound Methods for Determining Molecular Structure测定分子结构的方法 X-ray crystallography X-射线晶体学 molecular structure分子的结构 covalent molecule共价分子 Bong length键长 multiple bonding多重键 electronegative 电负性 bond angle键角 H3CCl、methyl chloride unshared electron pair孤对电子 ammonia氨、氨水、氨气 ethylene乙烯 carbon-carbon double bond碳-碳双键 The conversion of alcohols into carbonyl compounds is an important reaction of primary and secondary alcohols, and is one of many examples in organic chemistry of oxidation. conversion [k?n‘v?:?n] 转化、carbonyl [’kɑ:b?nil] 羰基、primary [‘praim?ri] alcohol伯醇、secondary alcohol、仲醇、oxidation [??ksidei?n] 氧化 （乙）醇转换成羰基化合物是伯醇和仲醇的一类重要反应，也是有机化学中大量氧化反应的一个例子。 How do we know when an organic compound has been oxidized? 我们如何知道有机化合物什么时候被氧化？ In the last section, we recognized that conversion of an alcohol to a ketone is an oxidation because it is brought about by the reduction of Cr(VI). recognize [?rek?ɡnaiz] 承认、conversion [k?n‘v?:?n] 转化、ketone [’ki:t?un] 酮、reduction [rid?k?n] 还原 在最后一部分，我们承认醇转变成酮是一个氧化反应，因为它是因Cr(VI)的还原而产生的。 The oxidation level of a particular carbon is assigned by considering the relative electronegativities of the groups bound to the carbon, as follows: considering [k?n?sid?ri?] 考虑到、就…而论 relative [?rel?tiv] 相关的、比较而言的 electronegativity [i?lectrauneg?tiviti] 电负性 特殊碳原子的氧化级数可以通过和它结合的基团的电负性来确定，如下： (a) For every bond to an element 1ess electronegative than carbon (including hydrogen), and for every negative charge on the carbon, assign a –1. electronegativity [i?lectrauneg?tiviti] 电负性、negative [?neɡ?tiv] 消极的、否认的、负的、–1、minus [?main?s] one 对于和比碳原子电负性小的元素（包括氢）所成的每一个化学键，以及碳原子上的每一个负电荷，确定为-1。 (b) For every bond to another carbon atom, and for every unpaired electron on the carbon, assign a zero. 对于和另外一个碳原子上所成的每一个化学键以及碳原子上的每一对孤对电子，确定为0。 (c) For every bond to an element more electronegative than carbon, and for every positive charge on the carbon, assign a +1. 对于和每一个电负性比碳大的元素所成的每一个化学键，以及碳原子上的每一个正电荷，确定为+1。 (d) Add th