基于生态基础设施的城空间发展格局.docVIP

基于生态基础设施的城市空间发展格局——“反规划”之台州案例作者：俞孔坚 李迪华 刘海龙 程进摘　要：以浙江台州市为例，系统地介绍了城市物质空间的“反规划”途径，通过建立保障土地生命系统完整性和地域特色的生态基础设施（EI），在宏观、中观和微观三个尺度上来定义城市空间发展格局和形态。宏观尺度上，首先建立洪水安全格局、生物多样性保护安全格局、文化遗产安全格局和游憩景观安全格局等，并整合这些安全格局而形成区域EI，以引导和框限城市总体空间发展格局；在中观尺度上，通过对EI元素的控制，完善城市EI，并作为城市内部空间结构的基本框架；在微观尺度上，通过地段设计，将区域EI的生态服务功能导引入城市肌理，并以此为基础，形成独特的城市土地利用模式。案例研究表明，人地关系的协调不仅是一个量的问题，更重要的是一种空间关系和格局的协调。关键字：“反规划”；生态基础设施；景观安全格局；生态规划；台州Growth Pattern of Taizhou City Based on Ecological Infrastructure——A Negative Approach Physical Urban PlanningYu Kongjian; Li Dihua; Liu Hailong; Han XiliAbstract: Using Taizhou City of Zhjiang Province as a case study, this paper systematically introduce the methodology of “Negative planning” approach to physical urban planning. Ecological infrastructures (EI) were planned and designed at large, medium and small scales, which are then used to define the urban growth pattern. At the large scale, landscape security patterns were planned for flood and storm water management, bio-diversity conservation, cultural heritage protection and recreation; these security patterns were then integrated into the regional EI. At the medium scale, design and management guidelines were developed for the EI components, which are used to define the inner urban form. At the small scale, micro EI are deigned to deliver the ecological services from the regional EI into the urban fabric. Finally, it is demonstrated that the harmonious relationship between land and people can be achieved not just in terms of quantity, but more in terms of pattern and spatial relationship.Key words: Negative planning, security pattern, ecological infrastructure, ecological planning, Taizhou City1　背景　　台州市位于浙江中部沿海，市域陆地面积9413平方公里，人口546万。市区1536平方公里是本研究的主要范围，由椒江、路桥、黄岩3个区位核心构成，空间上呈三足之势,现状市区城镇户籍人口65.7万。 　　台州市属亚热带季风气候区，台风和洪涝灾害频繁。区域内有丰富的山林景观，三个建成区围绕的绿心是台州自然景观的一大特色；境内大小河流有700多条,河塘水网密布,湿地丰富。在漫长的农耕时代，因为其对农耕环境的生态意义，这个山林与水网景观系统一直得到良好的呵护并被编织入乡土景观之中。 　　台州文化景观丰富，包括宗教文化景观、海塘水闸等工程设施景观、历史建筑和街区等。黄岩蜜桔是独特自然条件和千百年来人类活动的共同产物，大片的柑橘园成