简论经合组织国家家庭福利视角的残疾儿童补贴政策-中国残疾人联合会.pdfVIP

Observation and Viewpoints/ 观察视界/ 简论经合组织国家家庭福利视角的 残疾儿童补贴政策 ■孔 铮 【摘要】 家庭对残疾儿童的特殊意义表现在其对残疾儿童的供养功能、人力资本提升功能和社 会积淀功能，残疾儿童额外的生活和照料成本使家庭容易陷入贫困，经合组织国家以家庭为基本单 元设计与实施的残疾儿童补贴政策有效地缓解了残疾儿童及其家庭的贫困问题。经合组织成员国的 残疾儿童补贴政策不是以最低生活保障为基准的社会救助政策，而是以家庭福利为标的的家庭政 策，它从儿童残疾对家庭收入、家庭结构、家庭负担、家庭福利的影响来制订补贴标准，包括残疾 补贴、照料补贴和误工补贴三部分。经合组织国家以家庭福利为视角的残疾儿童补贴政策在理念和 实践两方面都对构建中国残疾儿童福利体系具有借鉴意义。 【关键词】 残疾儿童补贴 ；家庭福利 ；家庭政策 ；照料补贴 Allowance for Children with Disability in OECD Countries: in Perspective of Family Welfare KONG Zheng 【 】Family has significant functions for children with disability as it provide the best Abstracts environment for their up-growing, human capability accumulation and social integration. Extra living and rehabilitating costs the disabled children bring to their families might push them into the poverty trap. However, most OECD countries have succeeded in keeping from such sufferings. They carried out family policies to improve the welfare of families with disabled children, which include monthly allowance to support parents for the additional spending of raising children with disabilities, payment to the caregivers and financial support to severely disabled children who require intensive care. The experiences of OECD countries in assisting families with disabled children are useful cases for China. 【 】Allowance for children with disability; Family welfare; Family policy; Caregiver’s subsidy Key words [ 中图分类号 ]C913.69 [ 文献标识码 ]A [ 文章编号 ]2095-0810(2013)12-0087-06 引言 低，消减残疾儿童贫困是降低成年残疾人贫困和扶助 经 济 合 作 与 发 展 组 织（Organization for 脆弱家庭的有效措施，经合组织国家提供了很好的借 Economic Co-operation and De