浙江大学大学物理甲下chapter过程稿.pptVIP

* Chapter 32 The Magnetic Field Chapter 32 The Magnetic Field 32-1 Magnetic Interactions and Magnetic Poles Keep in our mind many important similarities between electric and magnetic interactions and many important differences between them. Magnetic field of the Earth Magnetic field of a bar magnet 1. Magnetism and moving charges Does there exist in nature a “magnetic charge”? No . Magnetic field of a current-carrying wire Can we use an electric test charge to probe a magnetic field? Yes, but only if the charge is moving relative to the source of the magnetic field. Can a electric charge in motion produce magnetic field? Yes. Is there a “magnetic potential energy” associated with a moving electric test charge in a magnetic field? No, because the magnetic force is not conservative force. Moving electric charge Moving electric charge Magnetic field 2. Magnetic poles north pole and south pole like poles and unlike poles the magnetic pole of the Earth 32-2 The Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge B is called the magnetic induction or magnetic flux density. B is the more fundamental quantity and is regarded the magnetic field. Unite of B is tesla (T) in SI. q v B F θ Magnetic field cannot be determined quite so simply with a single measurement. Note: Magnetic force is always a sideway deflecting force. Magnetic force cannot change the magnitude of v, only its direction. Magnetic force do no work on charged particle q. Combined electric and magnetic force Example: A modern version of J.J.Thomson’s apparatus for measuring the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron. (1897) Velocity selector 32-3 Circulating Charges r 1. The cyclotron In our laboratory, we use the magnetic focuser for measuring the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron. 2. The magnetic focus 3. The magnetic mirror Van Allen radiation belt Inner radiation belt—103km Outer radiation belt—2× 104km aurora Quick quiz-1 A charged particl