中国南方A尾矿库附近植物中铀和镉元素含量的测定与初步研究.docVIP

中国南方A尾矿库附近植物中铀和镉元素含量的测定与初步研究 　　摘要： 为评判中国南方A尾矿库附近植物的铀和镉元素含量是否符合“食品中放射性物质限制浓度标准（GB14882-1994）”和“食品中污染物限值（GB2762-2012）”的要求，从制定植物样品采集方案，现场采集植物样品，实验室处理样品，测定植物样品中铀和镉元素含量等方面开展了实验测量与初步研究工作。测量结果表明：尾矿库边界以东、南、西100m～800m范围内9个点植物样品中铀和镉元素含量测量结果范围分别位于1.14～1.48 mg/kg和0.15～0.19mg/kg，均大于或等于其对应的本底值0.24mg/kg和0.15mg/kg，小于GB14882和GB2762关于粮食和蔬菜类植物中铀和镉元素含量的浓度限值，此区域内种植粮食和蔬菜是安全的。尾矿库北面50m处植物样品中铀和镉元素含量值大于GB值，此区域内不适宜种植农作物。 　　Abstract： In order to judge whether or not the uranium and cadmium content of plants which is nearby A tailing pond in southern China meet the requirements of the concentration of radioactive material limited standard in food GB14882-1994 and the limited value in food GB2762-2012， the experimental measurement and preliminary research work are carried out from the aspects of making the sampling plan of the plant， collecting of plant samples on the spot， processing samples in laboratory， measuring uranium and cadmium content of plant and so on. Result shows that the measurement range of uranium and cadmium content for nine plant samples in the range of 100～800m in the east， south， and west of tailing pond boundary are respectively 1.14～1.48mg/kg and 0.15～0.19mg/kg， which are greater than or equal to the corresponding background value 0.24 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/kg， and less than the concentration limit of uranium and cadmium content for food and vegetables in GB14882 and GB2762. It is safe to grow food and vegetables in this area. The uranium and cadmium content in plant sample which is 50 meters away from tailing pond in north is greater than the limited value of GB. It is unsuitable to cultivate crops in this area. 　　关键词： 铀；镉；元素含量；测定；限值 　　Key words： uranium；cadmium；element content；measurement；limited value 　　中图分类号：TL84；TL75+1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-4311（2017）08-0220-04 　　0 引言 　　2013年6月湖南的攸县“镉大米”，引起了国内民众的担忧与恐慌[1]。某些特殊的尾矿中不仅含有铀元素，还存在大量非放射性有害化学物质和重金属，如：锰、镉、砷等。它们通过大气扩散、水流和土壤，被植物吸收，进入食物链，将对人体产生某些危害。 　　与大气、水和废弃物等污染形式相比，铀和镉元素对农作物的污染具有隐蔽性，难以直接依靠人体感觉器官判断，需要通过开展实验测量与分析才能确定其含量。因此，对中国南方某